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Cataloging
in Publication (CIP): The
purpose of the Cataloging in Publication (CIP) program is to prepare
prepublication cataloging records for those books most likely to be
widely acquired by the nation's libraries.
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Collective
Work: A work, such as
a periodical issue, anthology, or Encyclopedia, in which a number of
contributions, constituting separate independent works in themselves are
assembled into a collective.
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Compilations and Abridgments: Compilations and abridgments may be
copyrightable if they contain new work of authorship. When the
collecting of the preexisting material that makes up the compilation is
a purely mechanical task with no element of editorial selection, or when
only a few minor deletions constitute an abridgment, copyright
protection for the compilation or abridgment as a new version is not
available.
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Copies:
Material objects, other than phonorecords, in which a work is fixed by
any method now known or later developed, and from which the work can be
perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly with
the aid of a machine or device. The
term “copies” includes the material object, other than a
phonorecords, in which the work is first fixed.
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Copy: The
physical form in which copyrightable work is reproduced.
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(a) Copyright protection subsists,
in accordance with this title, in original works of authorship fixed in
any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from
which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated,
either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. Works of
authorship include the following categories:
(1)
literary works;
(2)
musical works, including any accompanying words;
(3)
dramatic works, including any accompanying music;
(4)
pantomimes and choreographic works;
(5)
pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works;
(6)
motion pictures and other audiovisual works;
(7)
sound recordings; and
(8)
architectural works.
(b) In no case does copyright
protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea,
procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or
discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained,
illustrated, or embodied in such work.
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Copyright
Claimant: The
copyright claimant is defined in Copyright Office regulations as either
the author of the work or a person or organization that has obtained
ownership of all the rights under the copyright initially belonging to
the author. This category includes a person or organization that has
obtained by contract the right to claim legal title to the copyright in
an application for copyright registration.
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Copyright
Owner: With respect
to any one of the exclusive rights comprised in a copyright, refers to
the owner of that particular right.
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Copyright
Protection:
Copyright
law protects creative expression, not fact, idea system or method of
process or operation. Expression may be found in product design, written
expression, traditional artistic works, and other original works such as
literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works such as poetry, novels,
movies, songs, computer software and architecture. Copyright law
prevents copying of expression. Facts and ideas are not protectable
under copyright law.
Copyright
laws protect against copying. The copying does not need to be exact for
infringement to be found. A substantial similarity is enough.
Independent development is a defense.
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Created:
A work is “created” when is fixed in a copy
or phonorecords for the first time; where a work is prepared over a
period of time, the portion of it that has been fixed at any particular
time constitutes the work as of that time, and where the work has been
prepared in different versions, each version constitutes a separate
work.
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