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Peer-to-peer (P2P)
networking:
A
type of network where computers communicate directly with each other,
rather than through a central server. Often referred to simply as
peer-to-peer, or abbreviated P2P, a type of network in which each
workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities in contrast
to client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to
serving the other computers. A "network" is a group of two or
more computer systems linked together by various methods. In recent
usage, peer-to-peer has come to describe applications in which users can
use the Internet to exchange files with each other directly or through a
mediating server.
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Perform: To recite, render, play, dance, or act it directly or by means of any
device or process or, in the case of a motion picture or other
audiovisual work, to show its images in any sequence or to make the
sounds accompanying it audible.
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Performance: The law holds open the
right to recite, render, play, dance, or act a copyrighted work. This is
open to all types of copyrighted works except for pictorial and
sculptural works and sound recordings.
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Performing Art Works:
Copyright
registration is available for musical
work, dramatic work, script, pantomime, choreography, motion picture, or
other audiovisual work.
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Performing Rights
Society:
An
association, Corporation, or other entity that licenses the public
performance of non-dramatic musical works on behalf of copyright owners
of such works, such as the American Society of Composers (ASCAP),
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and SESAC, Inc.
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Phonorecords:
Material
objects in which sounds, other than those accompanying a motion picture
or other audiovisual work, are fixed by any method now known or later
developed, and from which the sounds can be perceived, reproduced, or
otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or
device. The term “phonorecords”
includes the material object in which the sounds are first fixed.
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Pictorial,
Graphic and Sculptural Works:
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional works of fine, graphic, and
applied art, photographs, prints, reproductions, maps, globes, charts,
diagrams, models and technical drawings, including architectural plans.
Such work shall include works of artistic craftsmanship in so far
as their form but not their mechanical or utilitarian aspects are
concerned; the design of a useful article shall be considered a
pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work only if, and only to the extent
that, such design incorporates pictorial, graphic, or sculptural
features that can be identified separately from, and are capable
existing independently of, utilitarian aspects of the article.
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Proprietor:
An
individual, corporation, partnership, or other entity, as the case may
be, that owns an establishment or a foodservice or drinking
establishment, except that no owner or operator of a radio or television
station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission, cable system
or satellite carrier, cable or satellite carrier service or programmer,
provider of online services or network access or the operator of
facilities therefore, telecommunications company, or any other such
audio or audiovisual service or programmer now known or as may be
developed in the future, commercial subscription music service, or owner
or operator of any other transmission service, shall be under any
circumstance be deemed to be a proprietor.
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Pseudonymous
Work: A work on the
copies or phonorecords of which the author is identified under a
fictitious name.
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Publication:
According to the statute, “Publication is the distribution of
copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer
of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to
distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of
further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes
publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of
itself constitute publication.” Generally, publication occurs on the
date on which
copies of the work are first made available to the public.
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Public
Domain:
The public domain
is not a place. A work of authorship is in the “public domain” if it
is no longer under copyright protection or if it failed to meet the
requirements for copyright protection. Works in the public domain may be
used freely without the permission of the former copyright owner.
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Published
Works: Works
published with the consent of their authors, whatever may be the means
of manufacture of the copies, provided that the availability of such
copies has been such as to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the
public, having regard to the nature of the work. The performance of a
dramatic, dramatico-musical, cinematographic or musical work, the public
recitation of a literary work, the communication by wire or the
broadcasting of literary or artistic works, the exhibition of a work of
art and the construction of a work of architecture shall not constitute
publication.
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PUBNET: The Electronic Commerce division of AAP provides
electronic data interchange service (EDI) to over 90 publishers
representing hundreds of subsidiaries and imprints. Over 3,700
bookstores, libraries, wholesalers, and schools are now buying books
electronically through PUBNET®, making it the largest EDI trading
community of booksellers and publishers in the world. PUBNET® also
maintains a high-quality title database of over 340,000 titles from
PUBNET® publishers. This database, specifically designed for the higher
education market, is linked to the ordering system to facilitate the
fulfillment process and can also be accessed separately as a product
information source.
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